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[patriotic music]

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Prohibition was passed,
and Wayne Wheeler won the day.

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[laughs]

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Dorothy Fuldheim
spent more time on air

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as a broadcast journalist
than anyone in history.

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You're all good.

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Muhammad Ali was drafted.
This doesn't seem right.

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- Yeah. [belches]
- You all right?

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[patriotic music]

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<i> sync and correction by f1nc0
~ Addic7ed.com ~ </i>

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I love this place, not
because of what it is,

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but because of what it isn't.
There's no traffic.

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It costs nothing to live here.

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And it's just snowy enough
to keep the assholes out.

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There's just like a
camaraderie that you can't...

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it's undeniable here.

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But we're, like, building
up to a better community.

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That's what Cleveland's all about.
The future.

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Because our present
really isn't that great.

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Well, no... but it's better.

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It's actually... shut up.
It's still better.

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I'm John Levenstein,

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and today we're going to be
talking about Wayne Wheeler,

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the man responsible for Prohibition.
Cheers.

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- Cheers, John.
- Wayne Wheeler would have hated that.

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Wayne Wheeler's family had
a farmhand who was drunk,

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who was swinging a pitchfork...
a hayfork... wildly.

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He said, Mom, that
farmhand's acting sloppy.

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The farmhand stabs
Wayne Wheeler in the leg.

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Wayne Wheeler said
Ouch.

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- Hey.
- Yeah.

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What are you doing?
You just stabbed me in the leg.

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What, are you drunk, you farmhand?

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Wayne Wheeler decided,
Alcohol's bad.

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I'm going to spend the rest of my life
fighting against alcohol.

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And that's the fornd...
the formative event

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of Wayne Wheeler's
life, with... of, okay.

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The... [laughs]
Okay.

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The... [laughs]

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The formative event of
Wayne Wheeler's life.

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Wayne Wheeler, in 1893,
graduated from college.

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He goes to see Howard Hyde Russell,

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from the Anti-Saloon League, speak.

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I'm against alcohol.

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I'm against the way alcohol
affects the American family.

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Men should not drink at the saloon,

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waste away their family's money,

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come home, hit their
wives, hit their children.

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That shouldn't happen.

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After the speech he said,
I'm going to join your movement,

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and I'll devote my life
to making people not drink.

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Now, Wayne Wheeler, with
the Anti-Saloon League,

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was a dynamo.
He was just biking everywhere.

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He was biking from town to
town, going door-to-door,

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getting people to vote against
candidates who opposed Prohibition.

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And Wayne Wheeler would
say, People shouldn't drink.

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I was stabbed by a fith... a
pitchfork when I was a child.

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And then they would say,

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Oh, people can be stabbed
by pitchforks as children?

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And Wayne Wheeler would say, Yes.

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[laughs]

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- Why did you laugh?
- Because I was seeing two of you.

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That's okay.
[laughs]

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I... [laughs]

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Wayne Wheeler was going
to churches to raise money.

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He was going to arrange demonstrations,

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and he was always on his bike.
He was always pedaling furiously.

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Wayne Wheeler invented
pressure politics.

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Wayne Wheeler would say,

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This person is not strongly
enough in favor of temperance.

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Then that person would go down.

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Every time... 70 for 70.

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So Wayne Wheeler comes to
Washington, DC and starts

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fighting for a constitutional
amendment against alcohol.

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Everyone is afraid of Wayne Wheeler.

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Wayne Wheeler is the
most successful lobbyist

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in the United States.

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There was another thing that happened

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that I'm forgetting right now
so I'll get then back to.

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That I'll get back to, Derek.

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But, in the meantime,
Prohibition was passed,

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and Wayne Wheeler won the day.

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Wayne Wheeler was such a zealot,
because once Prohibition happened...

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that wasn't enough for Wayne Wheeler.

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He goes to see the head of the KKK.

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I'm a national figure.
I can't do my own bidding,

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but you, Ku Klux Klan, can.

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So the Ku Klux Klan did it.

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They were Wayne Wheeler's
private security force.

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And they would go into bars

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and just tear the
[bleep]ing place apart.

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The Ku Klux Klan was
a violent organization.

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They were tarring and feathering

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people who were bootleggers.
[laughs]

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Wha... [laughs]

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[laughter]

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Wha... [laughs]

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Wayne Wheeler... [laughs]

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- Great name.
- Wayne Wheeler.

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Wayne Wheeler is so crazy
because there was still

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industrial alcohol that was
used to clean engine parts,

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to make nail polish.

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Wayne Wheeler said,
We need to find a way

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to make that legal alcohol poisonous.

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We're going to add methanol to
ethanol, call it formula number 30,

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and then anyone who drinks ethanol...

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not to clean engines, but
to get drunk... will die.

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And that's when the [bleep] hit the fan.

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People who were drinking
ethanol mixed with methanol

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didn't know that that's
what they were doing.

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It made thousands of people sick
and hundreds of people die.

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And Wayne Wheeler was saying,
Well, it's your own fault.

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You know about Prohibition.
You know alcohol's illegal.

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You're dead now.

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And people started thinking,

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Why would my own
government do this to me?

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Wayne Wheeler, who had been pretty much

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running the government as
a lobbyist, was discredited.

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And that's when he went to Michigan.
And then died a few weeks later.

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Just because Wayne Wheeler
was stabbed in the leg

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by a pitchfork by a
drunken farmhand as a child,

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he had to spend the rest of his life

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making sure no one else
had fun, no matter what.

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[laughs]

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I mean... [laughs]

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- Oh, God. I just spilled.
- Oh, you got it.

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I love that you're collecting the ice.

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All right. This is as
drunk as I get. [laughter]

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[upbeat rock music]

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My son was conceived in this building.

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In 1998, at a punk rock show.

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- Conceive it!
- In the women's bathroom.

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- How's that for some drunk history?
- That's good.

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What's the worst thing
a girl's ever said

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when you were an adolescent?

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"I think you might be better
off if you got a nose job."

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[laughter]

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That's real?

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- Which I did do.
- Shut up.

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Yeah, when I was 14.

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- Are you being serious?
- Yeah. Google "David Wain nose job."

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[laughs]

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Hi, I'm David Wain.

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Today we're going to talk
about Dorothy Fuldheim,

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who set the record for being
on TV for 37 years straight.

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The first woman to
anchor a newscast on TV.

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She was a [bleep]ing dynamo.

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In 1918 Dorothy Fuldheim is
traveling around the country,

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and she's giving speeches.

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She's like, Hey, I'm Dorothy Fuldheim.

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And I'm redheaded.
I'm a Jew. I'm short.

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I got a different point of view.

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Some of the guys,
though, in the audience,

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they're like, Thanks, but no thanks.

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You know, so you've
heard the classic thing,

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- "Thanks, but no thanks"?
- Mm-hmm.

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It's like... it's a
way of saying no thanks.

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But they add this little
thanks thing to make it

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sound more palatable. But
it really means no thanks.

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You know what?
This is what I think.

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This is what's going on.

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I don't care what people
think about how I look.

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I don't care what people
think about what I say.

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And in 1932 she travels to Germany.

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She's like, I want to meet Adolf Hitler.
She goes to...

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The... Hitler... office
building, or whatever.

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- The... I don't know.
- Hitler Hall?

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Hitler... Germany... German... SS...

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place where Hitler worked.
She sees him coming out of a building.

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She starts yelling these
questions in German.

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I can't speak German, but it
would sound sort of like this.

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"Oh, come on, you...
ott... ott... trottel.

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A... Hogan's Heroes."

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[laughs]
And so, anyway, Hitler said,

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You're some random Jewish...
but I don't know that you're Jewish...

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journalist from Cleveland,
Ohio. And I'm giving you

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an interview that I would
never give to other people.

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And I'm giving you answers to things

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about what's going on in
this upcoming next war.

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Which, by the way, is probably only...

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is happening, like,
seven years from now,

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but we don't know that yet.

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She came back to the United States
and she says to everyone,

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Hey, these guys are bad.
These guys are evil.

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And they have bad ideas.

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Adolf Hitler, by the way,

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for those who are, like,
you know "history buffs,"

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was one of the big
World War II bad guys.

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[slurps softly]

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I should never drink.

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I didn't... I don't... I don't...

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I don't, um...
I'm not good with alcohol.

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So, what happened was,
when WEWS Channel 5 opened

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she was there with the
head of the station.

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He's like, Wait a minute,
hold on, hold on, hold on.

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They were like, No, no, no.
What are you talking...

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A woman doing a newscast?
That's like, it's like,

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Oh, we should have a dog give
the news. That would be funny.

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I mean, first...
personally, I would love that.

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I mean, if he was like...
[growling]

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- Ebola.
- Ebola, Isis, LeBron.

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- In Cleveland.
- Right, right.

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But she was like,
I don't care what you guys think.

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I'm gonna do it.

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And so he says, Okay. I'll...
13 weeks is all I'm going to say,

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because then we're... I'm
not committing any more.

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And starting way back in 1947

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the first newscast anywhere
between New York and Chicago...

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in Cleveland, Ohio...

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they put on Dorothy
Fuldheim as the anchor.

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She goes on the air, she says,
Hey, I'm Dorothy Fuldheim.

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This is the evening news
on Channel 5 in Cleveland.

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People loved it.

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They were like,
She's making me feel happy.

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00:10:52,961 --> 00:10:55,960
She's making... she's
give... communicating to me

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in a way that other people don't.

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She interviewed everyone in the world.

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She interviewed Richard Nixon,
Albert Einstein,

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one of the greatest popes,
Wilt Chamberlain,

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Martin Luther King,
the Duke of Windsor,

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Prince Charles,
Lady Diana Spencer,

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all the Kennedys.

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Channel 5 news

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is the best TV 5 Eyewitness News...

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News Channel 5 is the best
station in Cleveland. [laughs]

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So one day, at Kent State,
they were protesting the Vietnam War.

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And they just start
shooting into the crowd,

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and four students were killed.

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Dorothy Fuldheim, she said,
This is murder.

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You know, why are we
killing our own children?

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The viewers all wrote
in to her like, Fire her.

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Get rid of her, because why should...

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she shouldn't have said that.

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And she, even herself,
buckled in and said,

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Okay, maybe I should resign.

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It was really kind of
hardcore if you think about it.

239
00:11:50,961 --> 00:11:52,401
And the head of the station was like,

240
00:11:52,426 --> 00:11:54,960
No, Dorothy, you're
way, way more important

241
00:11:54,961 --> 00:11:58,960
than this one incident.
And you're probably right anyway.

242
00:11:58,961 --> 00:12:02,960
And so, no we don't accept your
resignation. You're going to stay.

243
00:12:02,961 --> 00:12:06,960
And not only did she stay,
she stayed for 37 years.

244
00:12:06,961 --> 00:12:09,960
She was, like, the voice of the news.

245
00:12:09,961 --> 00:12:13,960
And of the conscience of a city.

246
00:12:13,961 --> 00:12:16,081
Barbara Walters came out,
when she died, and was like,

247
00:12:16,106 --> 00:12:19,960
I would not be doing what I'm doing...

248
00:12:19,961 --> 00:12:21,960
none of us would be
doing what we're doing

249
00:12:21,961 --> 00:12:23,281
if it wasn't for Dorothy Fuldheim.

250
00:12:23,306 --> 00:12:25,960
Do I... No, shut up. Shut up.

251
00:12:25,961 --> 00:12:30,960
Dorothy Fuldheim spent more time
on air as a newscaster

252
00:12:30,961 --> 00:12:32,960
than any other woman or man

253
00:12:32,961 --> 00:12:36,960
in broadcast news journalist history.

254
00:12:36,961 --> 00:12:40,960
That's insane.
That's something I'm proud of.

255
00:12:40,961 --> 00:12:43,960
She's the pride of Cleveland,
pride of the North coast.

256
00:12:43,961 --> 00:12:46,961
To Dorothy Fuldheim.

257
00:12:47,961 --> 00:12:49,960
[snoring]

258
00:12:49,961 --> 00:12:52,161
- Now I'm going to go to sleep.
- Okay.

259
00:12:56,315 --> 00:12:59,114
[upbeat rock music]

260
00:12:59,115 --> 00:13:02,114
Why does Cleveland
love bowling so much?

261
00:13:02,115 --> 00:13:05,114
- It's just been here all our life.
- Yeah.

262
00:13:05,115 --> 00:13:06,114
And it's like, once it
gets cold in the winter,

263
00:13:06,115 --> 00:13:07,275
what else are you gonna do?

264
00:13:07,300 --> 00:13:10,114
- I just love that sound.
- Can you hear a strike?

265
00:13:10,115 --> 00:13:13,114
- I can hear a good strap, yeah.
- Yeah.

266
00:13:13,115 --> 00:13:17,115
I still can't believe I've never
known to use my middle fingers.

267
00:13:19,115 --> 00:13:21,114
[groans]

268
00:13:21,115 --> 00:13:23,114
Nothing.

269
00:13:23,115 --> 00:13:27,114
I can't look when it's a gutter.
It's just too sad.

270
00:13:27,115 --> 00:13:29,114
To Dickey's!

271
00:13:29,115 --> 00:13:33,114
- Did you have a nickname?
- My dad would call me "Squirrel bait."

272
00:13:33,115 --> 00:13:35,114
- Squirrel bait?
- Yeah.

273
00:13:35,115 --> 00:13:38,275
- What is that?
- I guess squirrel bait would

274
00:13:38,276 --> 00:13:40,114
- be like a nut, like, crazy.
- You're a nut.

275
00:13:40,115 --> 00:13:42,114
There's nothing wrong with being a nut.

276
00:13:42,115 --> 00:13:45,114
But, like, yeah, my
other sisters were, like,

277
00:13:45,115 --> 00:13:48,114
princess and cutie, and...
[laughs]

278
00:13:48,115 --> 00:13:53,114
Hi...
Hi.

279
00:13:53,115 --> 00:13:55,228
Hi, I'm Ashley Barnhill,
and today we're

280
00:13:55,229 --> 00:14:00,114
- going to discuss the Cleveland Summit.
- Cheers.

281
00:14:00,115 --> 00:14:03,114
So in 1964 you
know, at the age of 22,

282
00:14:03,115 --> 00:14:06,114
Cassius Clay... he is
fighting Sonny Liston.

283
00:14:06,115 --> 00:14:10,114
Clay is a 7-1 underdog.
He's not going to win.

284
00:14:10,115 --> 00:14:13,114
And he goes, You're an ugly bear.
You smell like a bear.

285
00:14:13,115 --> 00:14:18,114
You're an ugly bear.
You smell like a ugly bear.

286
00:14:18,115 --> 00:14:20,114
When I'm done with you, when I beat you,

287
00:14:20,115 --> 00:14:22,115
I'm gonna donate you to the zoo.

288
00:14:24,115 --> 00:14:27,114
Bam, bam, bam.
He wins.

289
00:14:27,115 --> 00:14:31,114
Yeah, he becomes the
World Heavyweight Champion.

290
00:14:31,115 --> 00:14:34,114
Right after he wins the
championship he announced,

291
00:14:34,115 --> 00:14:37,114
My name is Muhammad Ali.

292
00:14:37,115 --> 00:14:40,114
I'm a black Islam...
I'm a Black Muslim.

293
00:14:40,115 --> 00:14:42,115
I am the people's champion.

294
00:14:44,115 --> 00:14:50,114
So the war was going on.
Muhammad Ali was drafted.

295
00:14:50,115 --> 00:14:53,114
He was like, you know,
My religion doesn't...

296
00:14:53,115 --> 00:14:56,114
I'm not allowed to fight in wars.

297
00:14:56,115 --> 00:15:01,114
- This doesn't seem right?
- Yeah. [belches]

298
00:15:01,115 --> 00:15:03,114
- You all right?
- Yeah, no, I'm okay.

299
00:15:03,115 --> 00:15:05,114
Should I start over from the beginning?

300
00:15:05,115 --> 00:15:08,114
Yeah, can you start again?
[laughs]

301
00:15:08,115 --> 00:15:10,355
Um, we're going to be talking
about the Cleveland Summit.

302
00:15:10,380 --> 00:15:12,114
[laughter]

303
00:15:12,115 --> 00:15:18,114
So Muhammad Ali is
drafted and and he says,

304
00:15:18,115 --> 00:15:20,114
Now I'm a conscientious objector.

305
00:15:20,115 --> 00:15:23,114
My religion doesn't
let me fight in a war.

306
00:15:23,115 --> 00:15:25,114
And then he also added,

307
00:15:25,115 --> 00:15:30,114
I have no quorum with Viet Cong.

308
00:15:30,115 --> 00:15:34,114
Like, no Viet Cong has ever
called me the n-world... n word.

309
00:15:34,115 --> 00:15:37,114
No Viet Cong has ever sicced dogs on me.

310
00:15:37,115 --> 00:15:41,114
The draft board said was...
The draft board says... [laughs]

311
00:15:41,115 --> 00:15:43,114
Too bad.
Sorry, we don't accept that.

312
00:15:43,115 --> 00:15:46,114
You have to go to the
induction ceremony.

313
00:15:46,115 --> 00:15:47,114
[cracks neck]

314
00:15:47,115 --> 00:15:52,114
Geez.
How the [bleep] did you do that?

315
00:15:52,115 --> 00:15:55,114
That was, like, four cracks.
[laughs]

316
00:15:55,115 --> 00:15:56,275
So he goes to the induduction,

317
00:15:56,300 --> 00:15:59,114
and the officer's like,
We're gonna say your name,

318
00:15:59,115 --> 00:16:01,114
and then you have to step forward.

319
00:16:01,115 --> 00:16:07,114
- Okay, Cassius Clay.
- My name is Muhammad Ali.

320
00:16:07,115 --> 00:16:10,114
- He doesn't step forward.
- Cassius Clay.

321
00:16:10,115 --> 00:16:13,114
And he doesn't step forward.
And the officer is like,

322
00:16:13,115 --> 00:16:15,114
Do you understand what you are doing?

323
00:16:15,115 --> 00:16:18,114
Basically, if you don't step forward
you're committing a felony.

324
00:16:18,115 --> 00:16:21,114
You can serve five years in prison.

325
00:16:21,115 --> 00:16:24,114
Thank you.
I know what I'm doing.

326
00:16:24,115 --> 00:16:26,114
Cassius Clay.
He doesn't step forward.

327
00:16:26,115 --> 00:16:28,114
That day he's stripped of his medals,

328
00:16:28,115 --> 00:16:32,114
his boxing title... his
boxing license, and his title.

329
00:16:32,115 --> 00:16:36,114
Okay, people in America were
like, Ugh, this is bull[bleep],

330
00:16:36,115 --> 00:16:39,114
like, this guy's just
trying to getting...

331
00:16:39,115 --> 00:16:42,114
this guy's just trying to
get out of going to the war.

332
00:16:42,115 --> 00:16:47,114
Muhammad Ali's manager calls
football legend Jim Brown.

333
00:16:47,115 --> 00:16:50,114
And he's like,
Can you talk to him?

334
00:16:50,115 --> 00:16:53,114
Can you convince him to go to the army?

335
00:16:53,115 --> 00:16:55,114
And can you not tell
him I told you this?

336
00:16:55,115 --> 00:17:00,114
Or anyone I told you this.
Can you keep your mouth shut?

337
00:17:00,115 --> 00:17:02,114
Can you keep your [bleep]ing mouth shut?

338
00:17:02,115 --> 00:17:06,114
Don't [bleep]ing tell
anyone I ever told you this.

339
00:17:06,115 --> 00:17:09,114
Uh, bye!

340
00:17:09,115 --> 00:17:13,114
Jim Brown is very shocked, and he goes,
This is shocking.

341
00:17:13,115 --> 00:17:14,114
This is a shocker.

342
00:17:14,115 --> 00:17:16,114
Jim Brown calls John Wooten and he goes,

343
00:17:16,115 --> 00:17:20,114
Can you gather ten
of the most prominent,

344
00:17:20,115 --> 00:17:23,114
top black athletes and
meet me in Cleveland?

345
00:17:23,115 --> 00:17:25,114
Yeah, on it.

346
00:17:25,115 --> 00:17:28,114
Everyone's just like,
Yeah, see you there.

347
00:17:28,115 --> 00:17:30,114
Got it.
Be there.

348
00:17:30,115 --> 00:17:34,114
We're talking to Ali?
He's my hero. Okay.

349
00:17:34,115 --> 00:17:35,355
So, basically, they're all like,

350
00:17:35,380 --> 00:17:39,114
We have all served, you
know, we've been part of ROTC.

351
00:17:39,115 --> 00:17:42,114
We've been lieutenants of this and that.

352
00:17:42,115 --> 00:17:48,114
We've been in this and
that military-affiliated...

353
00:17:48,115 --> 00:17:51,114
we're served. We've served.

354
00:17:51,115 --> 00:17:53,114
What's going on, you know?

355
00:17:53,115 --> 00:17:56,114
He talked for two hours straight.

356
00:17:56,115 --> 00:18:00,114
And just kind of talked about his
religious convictions and beliefs.

357
00:18:00,115 --> 00:18:04,114
I stand by my religion;
Black Muslim religion.

358
00:18:04,115 --> 00:18:07,114
The Nation of Islam,
which is basically...

359
00:18:07,115 --> 00:18:11,114
- I will not contribute to any war.
- That's a good point.

360
00:18:11,115 --> 00:18:12,355
[laughs] That is a good point.

361
00:18:12,380 --> 00:18:16,114
They face the media.
Hi, media.

362
00:18:16,115 --> 00:18:18,114
Yeah, we thought this
guy was full of [bleep].

363
00:18:18,115 --> 00:18:22,114
And this guy... have you met Ali?

364
00:18:22,115 --> 00:18:25,114
This guy... we support Ali.

365
00:18:25,115 --> 00:18:29,114
We believe in him, and he's
sincere and we believe in...

366
00:18:29,115 --> 00:18:33,114
we validate his religious conviction.

367
00:18:33,115 --> 00:18:37,114
Ali was on trial. It was presented
in front of an all-white jury.

368
00:18:37,115 --> 00:18:42,114
And within 21 minutes
they found him guilty.

369
00:18:42,115 --> 00:18:46,114
And he's sentenced to five years.

370
00:18:46,115 --> 00:18:48,114
So he appealed and he appealed.

371
00:18:48,115 --> 00:18:51,114
And basically gets to the Supreme Court.

372
00:18:51,115 --> 00:18:55,114
So the Supreme Court is planning
on ruling 5-3 against Ali,

373
00:18:55,115 --> 00:18:58,114
but then Justice John
Harlan reads a book

374
00:18:58,115 --> 00:19:01,114
based on Black Muslim religious doctrine

375
00:19:01,115 --> 00:19:04,114
and he goes to all the
other justices and is like,

376
00:19:04,115 --> 00:19:07,114
We screwed up. This
is me convincing you.

377
00:19:07,115 --> 00:19:10,114
I am convincing you.
We screwed up.

378
00:19:10,115 --> 00:19:11,235
You screwed up. I screwed up.

379
00:19:11,236 --> 00:19:14,114
- We have to change our opinion.
- Okay, you're right.

380
00:19:14,115 --> 00:19:18,114
And so they anonysmally vote.
Anonys...

381
00:19:18,115 --> 00:19:22,114
Anonysmally? I have a hard
word sober, by the way guys.

382
00:19:22,115 --> 00:19:24,114
- Anonymous?
- Anonysmally.

383
00:19:24,115 --> 00:19:29,114
No, that's not the word.
They anonysmally, um...

384
00:19:29,115 --> 00:19:32,115
[laughter]

385
00:19:33,115 --> 00:19:37,461
- Anonysmally.
- Perfect. [laughs]

386
00:19:40,813 --> 00:19:45,612
- Where did I leave off? Sorry.
- Don't crack your neck anymore.

387
00:19:45,613 --> 00:19:46,612
It's not there.

388
00:19:46,613 --> 00:19:47,933
- I heard it four times.
- I know.

389
00:19:47,958 --> 00:19:51,612
- You can't do it anymore.
- Okay.

390
00:19:51,613 --> 00:19:55,612
So, basically, they
vote for Ali to go free.

391
00:19:55,613 --> 00:19:58,612
He wanted to be the greatest,

392
00:19:58,613 --> 00:20:01,612
and eventually he would
become the greatest.

393
00:20:01,613 --> 00:20:06,173
This is what I stand for.
I don't care if you don't believe in it.

394
00:20:06,198 --> 00:20:07,612
I'm gonna die for it.

395
00:20:07,613 --> 00:20:13,612
Ali fought for his religion.
He fought for his race.

396
00:20:13,613 --> 00:20:18,612
He fought for civil rights.
He fought for... I mean,

397
00:20:18,613 --> 00:20:20,612
kind of everything that
was going on at the time.

398
00:20:20,613 --> 00:20:23,612
He changed the world.

399
00:20:23,613 --> 00:20:28,612
? You can change the world ?

400
00:20:28,613 --> 00:20:33,612
-
- Change the world

401
00:20:33,613 --> 00:20:38,758
? You can change the world ?

402
00:20:38,793 --> 00:20:40,612
[patriotic music]

403
00:21:00,613 --> 00:21:02,998
<i> sync and correction by f1nc0
~ Addic7ed.com ~ </i>

404
00:21:08,484 --> 00:21:09,917
Ku klux klan can!

405
00:21:09,919 --> 00:21:13,087
<i>[dramatic music]</i>

406
00:21:13,137 --> 00:21:17,687
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